Bacteria, medical conditions, parasites and viruses can all cause vomiting and diarrhea. Too many sweets and undercooked meat or fish can also be causes.

Vomiting and diarrhea can cause dehydration, the excessive loss of fluids. Young children and the elderly can become dehydrated more quickly because of their lower body mass.

Any child who has had several bouts of vomiting or diarrhea must replace lost fluids and electrolytes.

If you are breastfeeding, continue to give your baby breast milk, which has the fluids and electrolytes needed to prevent dehydration. Your doctor may also want you to give your baby an oral rehydration solution (ORS). If you feed your baby formula, try switching to one that is lactose-free while your baby is sick.

Water alone does not contain enough salt and nutrients to help with dehydration. For toddlers and young children, use an ORS that contains a mix of nutrients, potassium, salt and sugar to replace lost body fluids. Older children can also have clear soups, sodas or juice mixed with water to prevent dehydration.

An oral rehydration solution (ORS) ˙great way to replace fluids and nutrients lost through vomiting and diarrhea. They are safe for babies, children and adults. An ORS can be purchased as a powder to mix with water, as a pre-mixed liquid or as frozen popsicles.

Vomiting and diarrhea don’t typically last long. If caused by an infection, they are a way for the body to get rid of the infection. Medicines that stop vomiting and diarrhea may interfere with the body’s efforts to heal so please speak with your family doctor if you think your child needs medicine.

If dehydration is severe, your loved one may need to be given fluids intravenously (by vein through an IV tube) to replace fluids lost through vomiting or diarrhea.

Little or lack of urine, or darker-than-usual urine are signs of dehydration. So too are fewer than 6 wet diapers a day for infants or 8 hours or more without urinating for children. Thirst, irritability and a loss of appetite can be signs of dehydration, as are dry mouth and a lack of tears when crying.

Call your doctor if the vomiting and diarrhea don’t seem to be getting better or if the person:

·Is younger than 6 months old;

·Is older than 6 months old and has a fever above 38.5 degrees Celsius;

·Has signs of dehydration;

·Vomits for more than 8 hours or with great force;

·Has blood in his or her stools or vomit;

·Has blood in his or her vomit;

·Has not urinated in 8 hours;

·Swallowed something that could be poisonous;

·Has a stiff neck or bad headache;

·Is unusually sleepy; or

·Has had abdominal pain for more than 2 hours.

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